This article summarizes the overall issues surrounding cancer for the general audience. Individual differences between patients include genetic and non-genetic differences manifested in various cellular pathways, tumor heterogeneity and variability, differing contribution of tumor microenvironment and potential toward metastasis. Successful treatment of individuals depends on correctly interpreting all these factors and appropriately addressing the actual features by using customized therapy strategies, simultaneously or sequentially. Currently used chemotherapy agents are cytotoxic and typically target one of the major pathways; therefore they have to be applied in combination regimes. Nanomedicines however, have the potential advantage that more than one feature can be built into a complex nanodevice. This yet untapped potential is illustrated on the example of a gadolinium fullerenol cage molecule. Gd@C82(OH)22 has low toxicity, influences several biologic features simultaneously, displays tumoristatic properties, and is effective against triple-negative breast cancer cells. A deeper understanding of the exact relations between the physicochemical characteristics of this system and the biologic events may lead to a new class of efficient anticancer pharmaceutics.
Related researches 41 articles
![<strong>Exploring the World of Fullerenols: A Deep Dive into Their Potential Medical Use</strong>](https://biofullerene.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/20-years-research-help-with-oncology-356x356.webp)
![Biological and biocompatible characteristics of fullerenols nanomaterials for tissue engineering](https://biofullerene.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/photo_2022-12-29_12-06-18-500x317.jpg)
![Small size fullerenol nanoparticles suppress lung metastasis of breast cancer cell by disrupting actin dynamics](https://biofullerene.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/ImageForArticle_4620-500x333.jpg)
![Fullerenol C60(OH)24 effects on antioxidative enzymes activity in irradiated human erythroleukemia cell line](https://biofullerene.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/212206-356x356.png)
![Antioxidant properties of fullerenol C60(OH)24 in rat kidneys, testes, and lungs treated with doxorubicin](https://biofullerene.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/cancer-icon-2797418_-356x356.png)
![Epigenetic modulation of human breast cancer by metallofullerenol nanoparticles: in vivo treatment and in vitro analysis](https://biofullerene.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/targeted-drug-delive-356x356.jpg)
![AFM-based study of fullerenol (C60(OH)24)-induced changes of elasticity in living SMCC-7721 cells](https://biofullerene.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/depositphotos_352541-356x356.jpg)
![Fullerenes and their derivatives as inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-α with highly promoted affinities](https://biofullerene.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/0005-009-poluchenie--475x356.jpg)
![Fullerenol/doxorubicin nanocomposite mitigates acute oxidative stress and modulates apoptosis in myocardial tissue](https://biofullerene.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/heartAttackCardiacAr-500x346.jpg)
![Hydrophobic Patch of Ubiquitin is Important for its Optimal Activation by Ubiquitin Activating Enzyme E1](https://biofullerene.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/1725885-500x263.png)
![Biocompatible [60]/[70] Fullerenols: Potent Defense against Oxidative Injury Induced by Reduplicative Chemotherapy](https://biofullerene.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/istockphoto-65584859-356x356.jpg)
![Aspartic acid derivatized hydroxylated fullerenes as drug delivery vehicles for docetaxel: an explorative study](https://biofullerene.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/1200px-L-Asparaginsu-500x295.png)
![Study of morphological and mechanical features of multinuclear and mononuclear SW480 cells by atomic force microscopy](https://biofullerene.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/5AawkyZS8dY7T9C3AZwH-474x356.jpg)
![Molecular mechanism of Gd@C 82(OH) 22 increasing collagen expression: Implication for encaging tumor](https://biofullerene.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/4264665-356x356.png)
![Metallofullerenol Inhibits Cellular Iron Uptake by Inducing Transferrin Tetramerization](https://biofullerene.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/xxx040-512_78628-356x356.png)
![Investigation of fullerenol-induced changes in poroelasticity of human hepatocellular carcinoma by AFM-based creep tests](https://biofullerene.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/icon-research2x-356x356.png)
![Aspartic acid derivatized hydroxylated fullerenes as drug delivery vehicles for docetaxel: an explorative study](https://biofullerene.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/4970457-middle-500x202.png)
![Study of morphological and mechanical features of multinuclear and mononuclear SW480 cells by atomic force microscopy](https://biofullerene.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/360_F_337277306_bOwr-500x333.jpg)
![Identification differential behavior of Gd@C 82(OH) 22 upon interaction with serum albumin using spectroscopic analysis](https://biofullerene.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/market-research-icon-356x356.png)
![Mono-fullerenols modulating cell stiffness by perturbing actin bundling](https://biofullerene.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/pressure-resistance--356x356.jpg)
![Investigation of fullerenol-induced changes in poroelasticity of human hepatocellular carcinoma by AFM-based creep tests](https://biofullerene.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Breast-Website-Infog-356x356.png)
![Exploring the Inhibitory and Antioxidant Effects of Fullerene and Fullerenol on Ribonuclease A](https://biofullerene.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/1rnu_assembly-1-356x356.jpeg)
![Hepatoprotective effect of fullerenol/doxorubicin nanocomposite in acute treatment of healthy rats](https://biofullerene.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/BTOB_Oxidative_Stres-356x356.png)